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Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arm

Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arm, also called bottom loading arm with piggyback line, is a specialized piece of equipment used to load or unload liquids—think gasoline, diesel, or chemicals—into tankers from the bottom, while simultaneously recovering vapors displaced during the process. The “piggyback” part refers to a secondary arm or hose, attached to the main liquid arm, that captures and redirects vapors back to a recovery system.
  • 2"~6"

  • PERFECT LOADING

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General Description of Bottom Loading Arm with Piggyback Line:

Unlike top loading systems, which require operators to climb onto tankers (risky!), bottom loading keeps workers safely on the ground. The piggyback line adds an eco-friendly twist by capturing harmful vapors, like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), that would otherwise escape into the atmosphere.

The main arm, typically a rigid pipe with swivel joints, connects to the tanker’s bottom manifold via a flange or API coupler, delivering the liquid. The piggyback line, a smaller hose or pipe “piggybacking” on the main arm, connects to a vapor return port on the tanker, capturing displaced vapors and channeling them back to a recovery unit or storage system.

The system’s balance—often achieved with counterweights or spring cylinders—makes it easy for a single operator to maneuver, even with heavy loads. When the tanker is full, the valves close, and the piggyback line ensures no vapors escape during disconnection.

底装鹤管2(1)

The size of bottom loading arm with piggyback line is DN100/DN80.  

API Coupler for liquid arm, while vapor coupler for gas arm. 

Both arms are equipped with safety break-away couplings. One is on the liquid outer arm and the other is on the drop tube of vapor arm.


Key Features of Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arms:

Bottom loading arms with piggyback lines are packed with features that make them a must-have for fluid transfer. Here’s what sets them apart:

1. Dual Functionality:

One arm handles liquid transfer, while the piggyback line recovers vapors, reducing emissions and ensuring environmental compliance. It’s like a two-for-one deal for safety and sustainability.

2. Operator Safety:

Bottom loading keeps workers on the ground, eliminating the need to climb tankers.

3. Spill Prevention:

Advanced couplers, ensure near-zero leakage during connection and disconnection.

4. Easy Handling:

High-quality swivel joints and precise balancing (via spring cylinder or gas springs) make operation smooth and effortless, even for a single operator.

5. Vapor Recovery:

The piggyback line captures VOCs, reducing environmental impact and meeting environment regulations.


Commissioning

LPG bottom loading arm shown above is made of SS304, DN50/DN50, with two manual ball valves and two break-away couplings.

Commissioning for balance is finished, ready for painting and hydrostatic test.


Specifications of Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arms:

When picking a bottom loading arm with a piggyback line, you need to know the specs to ensure it fits your operation.

1. Size:

  • Liquid arm: 2” to 6” (DN50 to DN150), with 3” and 4” being most common for fuel or chemical transfers.

  • Piggyback line: 1” to 2” for vapor recovery.

2. Design Pressure:

Up to 1.6 MPa (16 bar or 232 psi) for liquid arms; vapor lines typically handle lower pressures (e.g., 0.1 MPa). Some heavy-duty models support up to 2.0 MPa.

3. Temperature Range:

-30°C to +100°C (-22°F to +212°F) for standard applications, with specialized options (e.g., PTFE-lined arms) handling -60°C to +200°C for extreme conditions like LPG or cryogenics.

4. Flow Rate:

  • Liquid arm: Up to 2,500 liters per minute (660 GPM), ensuring fast loading.

  • Vapor line:  support high transfer rates to match.

5. Reach:

Up to 96 inches (2.4m) for liquid arms, with piggyback lines designed to align with vapor ports.

6. Flange Connection:

Standard ASME B16.5 flanges or API couplers, ensuring quick, leak-free connections.

These specs make these arms versatile for everything from small chemical batches to large fuel transfers, for efficiency and compliance.


Commissioning

Commissioning for balance, shown in the above photo.  The size of loading arm is DN80/DN50. 

Both safety break-away couplings are installed on drop tubes of two arms.

The arms connect with tanker via quick couplers, which is shown in the below photo.

                                                                  快速接头


Materials of Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arms:

1. Liquid Arm:

  • Carbon Steel: Strong and coated for corrosion resistance, ideal for fuels like gasoline or diesel.

  • Stainless Steel (SS304/SS316L): Used for corrosive chemicals or food-grade liquids, resisting rust and contamination.

  • PTFE-Lined: For aggressive chemicals like acids, offering unmatched corrosion resistance.

2. Piggyback Line:

  • Synthetic Rubber: Flexible and durable for vapor recovery, handling low-pressure gases.

  • Stainless Steel: Used for high-corrosion or high-pressure vapor applications, like LPG.

3. Seals:

  • Viton (FKM): Resists chemicals and high temperatures, perfect for fuels or acids.

  • PTFE: Inert for aggressive chemicals or sanitary applications.

  • HNBR/FFKM: High-performance options for extreme conditions like LPG or cryogenics.

4. Swivel Joints:

Carbon steel and stainless steel, for durability and flexibility.

These materials ensure the system can handle harsh environments, from salty marine terminals to chemical plants.


Flange Connection of Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arms:

ASME B16.5 Flanges:

Standard for liquid and vapor lines, available in sizes from 2” to 6” and pressure ratings (Class 150 to 2500). These ensure a secure, leak-free connection to tanker manifolds.


LPG LA

LPG bottom loading arm has been coated well and ready for delivery.


Applications of Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arms:

Bottom loading arms with piggyback lines are like the all-star players in fluid transfer, shining in industries where safety and environmental compliance are critical. Here’s where they excel:

1. Oil and Gas Terminals:

Load gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel into tankers while recovering vapors to meet emission standards. The piggyback line captures VOCs, keeping the air clean.

2. Chemical Plants:

Handle corrosive liquids like acids or solvents, with PTFE-lined arms and vapor recovery for safe, eco-friendly transfers.

3. Petrochemical Refineries:

Transfer crude oil or refined products with precision, using vapor lines to manage emissions during high-volume loading.

4. LPG and Cryogenics:

Manage liquefied petroleum gas or cryogenic fluids, where vapor recovery is critical to prevent pressure buildup.

5. Food and Beverage:

Transfer edible oils or syrups with stainless steel arms and FDA-approved seals, ensuring hygiene while capturing any vapors.


Accessories of Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arms:

These loading arms come with a range of accessories to supercharge their functionality:

1. Vapor Couplers:

Designed for high vapor transfer rates, ensuring efficient recovery.

2. Safety/Emergency Breakaway Couplers:

Prevent spills during pull-away incidents, protecting equipment and the environment.

3. Grounding Systems:

Eliminate static electricity risks, critical for flammable liquids.

4. Thermal Insulation/Heating:

For heated arms (e.g., steam-jacketed or trace-heated), maintaining fluid temperature in cold climates.

5. Purge/Drain Systems:

Clear residual liquids to prevent contamination or freezing.


Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arm Operation:

Using a bottom loading arm with a piggyback line is straightforward, thanks to its ergonomic design:

1. Setup:

Position the arm and connect the liquid arm to the tanker’s manifold using an API coupler or flange. Attach the piggyback line to the vapor return port.

2. Balancing:

Adjust the spring cylinder for smooth handling, ensuring the arm aligns easily with the tanker.

3. Loading:

Open the valves to start liquid flow, with the piggyback line capturing displaced vapors. The mass flow meter (if integrated) tracks volume.

4. Monitoring:

Use a control panel or sensors to monitor flow, pressure, and tank levels, preventing overfills.

5. Disconnection:

Close valves, disconnect the coupler, and retract the arm. The dry-break coupling ensures minimal leakage, and the piggyback line keeps vapors contained.


Maintenance of Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arms:

These arms are low-maintenance, but a little care goes a long way:

1. Inspect Regularly:

Check swivel joints, seals, and hoses for wear or leaks. A worn seal is like a leaky faucet—fix it early.

2. Clean Thoroughly:

Remove residue to prevent corrosion, especially for chemical or food applications.

3. Replace Seals:

Swap out Viton or PTFE seals if cracked, using spare kits for quick fixes.

4. Lubricate Swivels:

Keep joints moving smoothly with manufacturer-approved lubricants.

5. Test Safety Features:

Verify breakaway couplers and overfill sensors work correctly to ensure safety.


Cautions and Considerations for Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arms:

1. Cost:

High-quality arms and accessories (like API couplers) can be pricey, though they save money long-term.

2. Maintenance:

Swivel joints and seals need regular checks to stay leak-free.

3. Installation:

Requires precise alignment with tanker manifolds.

4. Training:

Operators need training to handle vapor recovery and safety systems effectively.


Delivery Cycle of Bottom Vapor Recovery Loading Arms:

One month after order and drawings confirming


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